Economy across Europe
Explore long-term economic trends across Europe, including income, productivity, employment, inflation, housing markets, public finances and exchange rates.
Where to start
Featured economic indicators
Start with the indicators that give the clearest overview of prosperity, household earnings, housing market pressure and public finances across Europe.
GDP per capita
Compare economic prosperity across countries using GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power.
Explore GDP per capita → IncomeAverage salary
Compare gross annual average salary levels, long-term growth and convergence patterns across Europe.
Explore average salary → Housing marketHouse prices
Track how residential property prices have changed since 2015 using the House Price Index.
Explore house prices →All topics
Economic topics
Browse the full Economy section by theme: living standards, labour markets, prices and public finances.
Living standards and wages
Indicators that compare prosperity, earnings and legal wage floors across countries.
GDP per capita
Compare economic prosperity relative to the EU average.
Explore GDP per capita →Average salary
Track gross annual average salary levels and long-term income convergence.
Explore average salary →Minimum wage
Compare monthly statutory minimum wages and long-term wage-floor growth.
Explore minimum wage →Labour market and productivity
Indicators that show how labour markets perform and how much output economies generate per hour worked.
Prices, housing and public finances
Indicators that track price pressure, housing market growth, exchange-rate movements and public debt.
Inflation
Explore HICP inflation trends, price shocks and recent normalization.
Explore inflation →House prices
Compare residential property price growth using the House Price Index.
Explore house prices →Government debt
Compare public debt levels as a percentage of GDP across EU countries.
Explore government debt →Exchange rates
Track how European currencies evolved against the euro over time.
Explore exchange rates →What do economic indicators show?
Economic indicators help explain how European countries develop over time. They measure living standards, labour market performance, price changes, housing market developments, public finances and monetary conditions.
This Economy section brings together nine long-term indicators: GDP per capita, annual income, minimum wage, labour productivity, unemployment, inflation, house prices, government debt and exchange rates.
Why economic trends matter
Economic change affects household income, employment opportunities, housing costs, public finances and the ability of countries to respond to shocks. Long-term indicators reveal whether countries are converging, diverging or following distinct structural paths.
By comparing data across countries and years, Europe In Time helps separate temporary fluctuations from deeper long-term patterns in the European economy.